Wind energy resource assessment for five locations in Saudi Arabia

The analysis of recently collected wind data at five sites in Saudi Arabia namely, Dhulum, Arar, Yanbu, Gassim and Dhahran is presented. The five sites represent different geographically and climatologically conditions. The data collected over a period spanned between 1995 and 2002 with different collection periods for each site. Daily, monthly and frequency profiles of the wind speed at the sites showed that Dhulum and Arar sites have higher wind energy potential with annual wind speed average of 5.7 and 5.4 m/s and speeds higher than 5 m/s for 60 and 47% of the time, respectively. The two sites are candidates for remote area wind energy applications. The costal site's, i.e. Yanbu and Dhahran wind speed data indicated that the two sites have lower annual wind speed averages and wind blows at speed higher than 5 m/s during afternoon hours. That makes the two sites candidates for grid connected wind systems for electrical load peak shaving. The data of Gassim site showed that the site has the lowest wind energy potential compared to the others. The annual energy produced by a Nordex N43 wind machine is estimated to be 1080, 990, 730, 454 and 833 MWh for Dhulum, Arar, Yanbu, Gassim and Dhahran, respectively. The analysis showed that the estimated annual energy produced by the machine based on 10 min averaged data is 2.5% higher than the estimated energy based on 30 min averaged data.     

TN-S系统接地方式中重复接地的探讨

通过对TN S系统接地方式中重复接地的探讨 ,介绍了重复接地对N线和PE线的不同作用 ,明确了TN S系统接地方式中重复接地的设计和施工方法。     

Simulation of the VVER-1000 pump start-up experiment of the OECD V1000CT benchmark with CATHARE and TRAC-PF1

In the framework of joint effort between the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of OECD, the United States Department of Energy (US DOE), and the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA), France a coupled three-dimensional (3D) thermal-hydraulics/neutron kinetics benchmark for VVER-1000 was defined. The benchmark consists of calculation of a pump start-up experiment labelled V1000CT-1 (Phase 1), as well as a vessel mixing experiment and main steam line break (MSLB) transient labelled V1000CT-2 (Phase 2), respectively. The reference nuclear plant is Kozloduy-6 in Bulgaria. The overall objective is to assess computer codes used in the analysis of VVER-1000 reactivity transients. A specific objective is to assess the vessel mixing models used in system codes. Plant data are available for code validation consisting of one experiment of pump start-up (V1000CT-1) and one experiment of steam generator isolation (V1000CT-2). The validated codes can be used to calculate asymmetric MSLB transients involving similar mixing patterns. This paper summarizes a comparison of CATHARE and TRAC-PF1 system code results for V1000CT-1, Exercise 1, which is a full plant point kinetics simulation of a reactor coolant system (RCS) pump start-up experiment. The reference plant data include integral and sector average parameters. The comparison is made from the point of view of vessel mixing and full system simulation. CATHARE used a six-sector multiple 1D vessel thermal-hydraulic model with cross flows and TRAC used a six-sector, 18-channel coarse-mesh 3D vessel model. Good agreement in terms of integral parameters and inter-loop mixing is observed.     

Application of condition-based HRA method for a manual actuation of the safety features in a nuclear power Plant

A practical approach to develop a more realistic fault-tree model with a consideration of various conditions endured by a human operator is proposed. In safety-critical systems, the generation failure of an actuation signal is caused by the concurrent failures of the automated systems and an operator action. These two sources of safety signals are complicatedly correlated. The failures of sensors or automated systems will cause a lack of necessary information for a human operator and result in error-forcing contexts such as the loss of corresponding alarms and indications. It is well known that the error-forcing contexts largely affect the operator's performance. An automated system which consists of multiple processing channels and complex components is also affected by the availability of the sensors. This paper proposes a condition-based human reliability assessment (CBHRA) method in order to address these complicated conditions in a practical way. We apply the CBHRA method to the manual actuation of the safety features such as a reactor trip and auxiliary feedwater actuation in Korean Standard Nuclear Power Plants. Even the human error probability of each given condition is simply assumed, the application results prove that the CBHRA effectively accommodates the complicated error-forcing contexts into the fault trees.     

文明寨油田微生物调驱矿场试验

针对文明寨油田高温高盐的特点,引进了一种耐温耐盐的FM复合微生物菌种。室内评价表明, 该菌种适应高温高盐油层,能有效改善原油性质,代谢产物主要为有机酸、醇、气体等。矿场开展调驱 试验12井次,注入井菌浓增加2个数量级,累计增油4269t,表明该菌种适应文明寨油藏条件。     

农业重组微生物生物安全研究进展

综述了近年来农业重组微生物的研究现状和进展 ,详细介绍农业重组微生物环境释放的监控方法以及对环境的冲击作用 ,对一些有关生物安全研究的热点问题进行了探讨     

铝电解多功能天车轨道接头磨损的机理分析

分析铝电解多功能天车轨道接头的受力情况、轮轨磨损机理和现场采集的数据照片,指出轨道经过碾压后的硬度变化以及氧化铝灰对天车轨道接头磨损的影响,提出相应措施.     

田湾核电站场外事故后果评价系统--TW-NAOCAS

从田湾核电站早期应急的需要，开发了一套核事故场外后果实时评价计算机系统软件（TW-NAOCAS）。该系统设计为一个连接多种模型（数据预处理、风场预测、大气弥散、剂量估算和干预与防护对策评估）和数据库的综合系统。本文对该系统进行介绍，并通过模式比对，对系统物理模型有效性进行了初步分析。结果表明，该系统采用的物理模型和运行设计是有效而可靠的。     

高坝洲水电厂2号机组同期回路改造

介绍了高坝洲水电厂一次主接线改造后2号发电机组同期回路改造的情况.     

一起二次回路接线错误引发的事故分析

通过一起由二次回路接线错误引发的事故分析,阐述二次回路的重要性。从设计、安装、调试和管理上对二次回路进行探讨,提出反事故措施和对策,以防止类似事故的发生。